Gurucan

4.6 (197)
Learning Management System

Overall rating

4.6 /5
(197)
Value for Money
4.8/5
Features
4.5/5
Ease of Use
4.6/5
Customer Support
4.7/5

95%
recommended this app
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197 Reviews

Raymond
Overall rating
  • Industry: E-Learning
  • Company size: Self Employed
  • Used Daily for 1-5 months
  • Review Source

Overall rating

  • Value for Money
  • Ease of Use
  • Customer Support
  • Likelihood to recommend 10.0 /10

Impressive, versatile e-learning software!

Reviewed on 20/2/2021

These guys have only worked on this for about a year. Their support response is fast and friendly and they are listening to their customers.

Pros

I’m very impressed with all the versatile tools Gurucan has to offer. Once you get used to the logic for adding and formatting content, it is quite easy. Video upload is fast, and to my pleasant surprise, embedding videos from Alugha worked like a charm, as well as embedding from publit.io.

Cons

The only one that did not work was embedding from Spotlightr videos, but that appears to be on the roadmap. Unlimited users/courses and possibility to get customer menus in any language in the future makes this a no brainer at this price.

Nickquolette
Overall rating
  • Industry: Writing & Editing
  • Company size: 2–10 Employees
  • Used for 1-5 months
  • Review Source

Overall rating

  • Value for Money
  • Ease of Use
  • Customer Support
  • Likelihood to recommend 10.0 /10

I was on the fence but now....

Reviewed on 1/4/2021

It's clean to look at and it WAY easier to set up as opposed to another program I am currently using.

Pros

I watched so many videos and heard so many great things that I could not pass up on this promising platform. It fits my budget and gives me everything I need to develop a coaching program. And, I can't believe it's mobile too so this will help me sell the program as my clientele are management and above professionals and are always on the move. I can't wait to use it!!

Cons

At this time, I can't really say. I hope part of the role out will include a journal area where students can take notes and the teacher/trainer can review their answers. That would be sweet!

Alternatives Considered

Mighty Networks

Reasons for Choosing Gurucan

This is simpler to use and the quiz area allows for text and not just an a, b, c, answer as I teach resume writing and need the students to write their answers.

Reasons for Switching to Gurucan

Price, price, price
ram
Overall rating
  • Industry: Online Media
  • Company size: Self Employed
  • Used Daily for 1-5 months
  • Review Source

Overall rating

  • Value for Money
  • Ease of Use
  • Customer Support
  • Likelihood to recommend 5.0 /10

Great potential but need some improvement

Reviewed on 12/2/2021

I'm still trying with the product and I will update my review as I see things changing.

The main important thing for us is how fast is the product development. 3 weeks to just remove the footer is very disappointing and too slow in my opinion. There are over 20 highly important requests on the road map if each one took you 3 weeks or more we need to wait some years before we are able to use the product

At this point, I will not switch to Gurucan and I wish all the best for the company and I hope to see some development so I can enjoy using it for my business.

Pros

At first, I fall in love with this deal, however when I start building my course issue after the other start to show up.
Let's start with what I like about Guru can!

1- First deal on Appsumo that offers LMS with an app for IOS and Andriod
2- Easy to use
3- offers membership and webinars(Beta)
4- very responsive support team (it gives me some hope)

Cons

1- Very ugly footer [SENSITIVE CONTENT HIDDEN] with a link to the app So it's not completely white label
Over 200 votes on the road map to remove it, and finally, it will be removed after 3 weeks! on Feb 25

2- The app has access to a lot of private information that is not necessary for the app functions for example (Mic, Camera, precise location, contact list, phone status, modify system settings) way more than similar apps like Udemy requires. The support team said they will simplify it in the next week but it's still there.

3- It allows you to offer only one payment method PayPal or stripe, what if some of my clients have Paypal others have stipe!

4- The landing page and the course is very slow (8/100) on the google speed test! (simple page with few pic and one video) [SENSITIVE CONTENT HIDDEN]
The support team also mentioned in the Q&A that they will work on the speed and using CDN.

5- there are small glitches here and there as the company is new, for example, I want to have some parts of the course available for free so people can have a look before they buy. that's not available yet. not easy to add testimonials and manage it, you can't customize the check out like what you do with Teachable and other software.

Natasha
Overall rating
  • Industry: Marketing & Advertising
  • Company size: 2–10 Employees
  • Used Daily for Free Trial
  • Review Source

Overall rating

  • Value for Money
  • Ease of Use
  • Customer Support
  • Likelihood to recommend 10.0 /10

Better than anything I've seen lately

Reviewed on 22/2/2021

This is going to be my marketing email + online course platform + I'm recommending it to all my clients for their courses - some clients it will be their website - the articles feature is great.

Pros

The app! and the email marketing capability.

Cons

It would be nice if the app could be more customised on the free version...

Alternatives Considered

Udemy Business and Thinkific

Reasons for Choosing Gurucan

cost and the app! and articles and the email marketing capability

Switched From

Thinkific

Reasons for Switching to Gurucan

price and features
Alex
Overall rating
  • Industry: Marketing & Advertising
  • Company size: 11–50 Employees
  • Used for 1-5 months
  • Review Source

Overall rating

  • Value for Money
  • Ease of Use
  • Customer Support
  • Likelihood to recommend 10.0 /10

Amazing platform... ¡Game Changer!

Reviewed on 18/2/2021

The initial implementation and test were very straightforward.

Pros

This is a pretty awesome tool for digital courses and challenges, especially for the wellness category. Very easy to use and we a lot of future potentials. A plus for us was the option of Spanish as a second language for the platform.

Cons

Still need some additional integrations with industry autoresponders, but I'm pretty sure that the team at GuruCan is working on that.

Alternatives Considered

LearnDash and Thinkific

Reasons for Choosing Gurucan

Was looking for better options for wellness challenges.

Switched From

Teachable

Reasons for Switching to Gurucan

Best integration between courses, challenges, and private chat with end-user.
Laurent
Overall rating
  • Industry: Marketing & Advertising
  • Company size: Self Employed
  • Used Daily for 1-5 months
  • Review Source

Overall rating

  • Value for Money
  • Ease of Use
  • Customer Support
  • Likelihood to recommend 10.0 /10

Easy to create lessons

Reviewed on 30/3/2021

I was looking for an application to create my courses because I already have a Wordpress platform.

Pros

Everything I need to create my school and my courses are present (videos, text, quizzes, HTML, etc.). I can segment my lessons into chapters and lessons.
The user interface is professional and friendly.
The administration panel has been translated into French and my students have an interface in French as well.

Cons

It's a shame that quiz questions have a 200 character limit.
In terms of speed, this could be improved but this is often the case with e-learning platforms.

Alternatives Considered

Kajabi

Reasons for Switching to Gurucan

Reputation and positive reviews. The very attractive price.
Ned
Overall rating
  • Industry: Marketing & Advertising
  • Company size: Self Employed
  • Used Daily for 1-5 months
  • Review Source

Overall rating

  • Value for Money
  • Ease of Use
  • Customer Support
  • Likelihood to recommend 9.0 /10

Guru-YOU-can

Reviewed on 30/3/2021

Pros

Incredibly price point for such a thoroughly useful product. Excellent for course creators & infopreneurs.

Cons

Features still have some additional aspects to compete with some of the bigger (more expensive) players.

Alternatives Considered

Teachable and Thinkific

Reasons for Switching to Gurucan

Price point was a big influencer for me, but the features truly are equal to some of the MUCH more expensive competitors
Henry
Overall rating
  • Industry: E-Learning
  • Company size: 11–50 Employees
  • Used Daily for 1-5 months
  • Review Source

Overall rating

  • Value for Money
  • Ease of Use
  • Customer Support
  • Likelihood to recommend 10.0 /10

Wonderful Solution for Coaches

Reviewed on 26/2/2021

I love that I could set up my lessons very quickly with Gurucan. I'm using it for company internal onboarding and training.

Pros

It is easy to setup. The interface is simple to navigate.

Cons

More integrations would really help to improve this software.

Alternatives Considered

Tutor LMS

Reasons for Switching to Gurucan

I wanted to test a different solution. I wanted to try a self-hosted solution over a wordpress based solution.
Rafael
Overall rating
  • Industry: Health, Wellness & Fitness
  • Company size: 2–10 Employees
  • Used Daily for 1-5 months
  • Review Source

Overall rating

  • Value for Money
  • Ease of Use
  • Customer Support
  • Likelihood to recommend 10.0 /10

Robust!

Reviewed on 27/2/2021

Pros

I liked that I can keep my clickfunnels account and connect it with gurucan once someone makes a purchase

Cons

So far everything is working the way it should.

Radek
Overall rating
  • Industry: Media Production
  • Company size: 2–10 Employees
  • Used Weekly for 1-5 months
  • Review Source

Overall rating

  • Value for Money
  • Ease of Use
  • Customer Support
  • Likelihood to recommend 8.0 /10

Great alternative to Teachable

Reviewed on 1/3/2021

We've been looking for a platform to manage hybrid online classes and revenue generation from educational products. Gurucan fits the bill well with reasonable pricing.

Pros

The system covers a lot of functionality that I'd expect from an education monetisation platform and offers excellent value in comparison with the price offered by competitors.

Cons

It will take some time for the system to reach its maturity. The interface is still a bit rough and the user experience needs streamlining.

Alternatives Considered

Teachable and Podia

Reasons for Switching to Gurucan

Better pricing and better fit of offered functionality to our use case.
Theo
Overall rating
  • Industry: E-Learning
  • Company size: 2–10 Employees
  • Used Daily for 1-5 months
  • Review Source

Overall rating

  • Value for Money
  • Ease of Use
  • Customer Support
  • Likelihood to recommend 4.0 /10

Flawed software with great potential

Reviewed on 18/5/2021

Overall the LMS is ok.
The landing page creator and integrations with payment processors are poor, requiring you to rather use other sales pages if you aren't able to use Stripe and/or Paypal.
Course creation is relatively easy, with a focus on mobile deployment.
Sadly, any videos embedded via Vimeo, Youtube, Wistia etc won't be visible via the mobile app, necessitating either uploading videos to Gurucan's service (extremely poor, requiring multiple attempts at uploading), or transcribing your lesson to their text fields (acceptable. Hint: use transcription software like Otter).

Overall, once deployed, the courses work, but webinars, coaching calls etc... skip these for now until these mature.
I'm keeping the software for very lightweight, select use, but won't use it as my go-to LMS when servicing major clients.

Pros

Mobile-first focus, ability to integrate PabblyConnect to enrol students, relative ease to create offers containing multiple courses.
White-label app possibility (for a price).
If you are a gym/yoga or fitness coach, Gurucan will suit you with repetitions, meal plans, recipes etc.

Cons

Poor integrations with video hosting, HTML embedding and operations hit-and-miss at best, team communication hit-and-miss.
App is very hit-and-miss.
Very hard focus on health-and-fitness industry, not seen in their marketing.

Alternatives Considered

Tutor LMS

Reasons for Switching to Gurucan

I didn't so much choose Gurucan over all of these, as run it in parallel with the others. The white-label app is a key selling point.
Verified Reviewer
Overall rating
  • Industry: Professional Training & Coaching
  • Company size: Self Employed
  • Used Weekly for 1-5 months
  • Review Source

Overall rating

  • Value for Money
  • Ease of Use
  • Customer Support
  • Likelihood to recommend 7.0 /10

Building toward something really great

Reviewed on 25/5/2021

My experience has overall been a positive one! My students like the user experience and I'm excited to be a newer user of the platform, and experience its growth in this market. There are missing elements, so whether this platform will make sense for my business long-term -- or for yours -- will depend on the specific features I need and where else I can get them.

Pros

My students really like the mobile app, and that was an important feature for me -- I know that optional online professional development will likely have a higher take-up rate if a platform is readily accessible via mobile devices. Support is responsive and the Facebook group is helpful too.

Cons

This is a newer platform, and there are issues and kinks to be worked out; some of them already have in the 3 months I've been a user. The main challenge for me has been learning the software. Some of the elements aren't intuitive and it's taken trial and error to figure things out. I think there's a lot of promise in this platform, but it's not delivering fully yet.

Alternatives Considered

Teachable, Kajabi and Thinkific

Reasons for Switching to Gurucan

Right now, I'm using Gurucan because as a new course creator launching a beta program (now up and running) I was happy to test out a newer platform. The mobile app was a major selling feature for me, as was the low cost. I was willing to take a risk and so far I'm happy with that decision.
Verified Reviewer
Overall rating
  • Industry: Marketing & Advertising
  • Company size: Self Employed
  • Used Weekly for 1-5 months
  • Review Source

Overall rating

  • Value for Money
  • Ease of Use
  • Customer Support
  • Likelihood to recommend 9.0 /10

A very reliable platform to create online courses/programs | Ed T.

Reviewed on 13/5/2021

Amazing, until now my experience with GuruCan has been very pleasant. Of course it needs improvements, but I believe that the platform has everything a company needs to create content online with easy. The more incredible part is that fact that you can set everything and let it running automatically. So smooth!

Pros

GuruCan is very versatile and provide a reliable platform to create and sustain online courses with interactive content. What I enjoyed more was the ease of the process to create course and integration of the overall platform.

Cons

The UI feels quiet stiff, therefore I think that it could be more intuitive and responsive.

Alternatives Considered

LearnDash

Reasons for Switching to Gurucan

Because of the needs of my company. GuruCan have the facility to scale my online learning platform without much dependency on third parties and unnecessary processes.
David
Overall rating
  • Industry: Computer Software
  • Company size: Self Employed
  • Used Daily for 1-5 months
  • Review Source

Overall rating

  • Value for Money
  • Ease of Use
  • Customer Support
  • Likelihood to recommend 9.0 /10

Gurucan is a winner!

Reviewed on 15/3/2021

I have been looking for a good LMS for a long time. One that I would not need to pay out the nose for and Gurucan is the winner! I am able to easily setup my courses and make them available to my users.

Pros

Gurucan has all of the features you need to have a successful online school or course offering.

Cons

So far I have found nothing that I do not like.

Alternatives Considered

Teachable

Reasons for Switching to Gurucan

The features available and the price tag associated with them
Sarah
Overall rating
  • Industry: Online Media
  • Company size: 2–10 Employees
  • Used Daily for 1-5 months
  • Review Source

Overall rating

  • Value for Money
  • Ease of Use
  • Likelihood to recommend 10.0 /10

Like buying 4 different software tools in one

Reviewed on 6/8/2021

Really great. Looking forward to publishing the course.

Pros

So - in my day job I create e-Learning. Put me in front of Adobe Captivate or Articulate Storyline and I am totally at home.

But then I decide to create a course in my spare time. What could go wrong?
Well - to start with the course creator software I tried was super expensive, with monthly fees, or scarily limited features. I managed to land on Thinkific... But knew I needed to upgrade before the course was released...
And then once you get the course, you are going to need a funnel (have you seen the cost of clickfunnels per month?). With a landing page and payment options. And a email marketing tool. And something to run webinars.
Gurucan does all that, and it's just paying one price instead of multiple monthly costs. And there's an app too.
And I don't have the time or the bandwidth to try to learn/remember/explain to people the 5 different tools that are all precariously linked together to make my course work.
I'm officially impressed.

Cons

Ok - the UI could be improved. It's just slightly too simple sometimes.
I would love if it included feedback surveys - has quizzes, but they are more like right or wrong - doesn't allow for the users to submit paragraphs of free text.
It does webinars - would be good if that functionality could be included to create videos inside courses (screencapture, voice recording or even just voice recording aligned with a downloaded presentation)- I think this may be possible with a workaround (and can always record it using other tools, but I'm feeling spoilt by doing it all in one place)

Luciano
Overall rating
  • Industry: Information Services
  • Company size: Self Employed
  • Used Daily for 1-5 months
  • Review Source

Overall rating

  • Value for Money
  • Ease of Use
  • Customer Support
  • Likelihood to recommend 8.0 /10

The new platform for my students

Reviewed on 19/5/2021

Overall, I am more than satisfied with the many possibilities it offers.

Pros

The product is very easy to use and configure, both administrator and student side.

Cons

Especially in the beginning, it happened that the software did not save the correctly loaded videos. In subsequent updates this has been fixed and made functional.

Alternatives Considered

Teachable and Kajabi

Reasons for Choosing Gurucan

Overpriced for the features offered.

Switched From

Teachable

Reasons for Switching to Gurucan

Good price/features ratio
Rob
Overall rating
  • Industry: Professional Training & Coaching
  • Company size: Self Employed
  • Used Daily for 1-5 months
  • Review Source

Overall rating

  • Value for Money
  • Ease of Use
  • Customer Support
  • Likelihood to recommend 10.0 /10

Made My Programme Delivery Simple

Reviewed on 14/5/2021

Its been great to use so far and hopefully the functionality will improve in the coming weeks and months to fix a few of the bugs.

Pros

Using Gurucan has allowed me to easily deliver my coaching programme to my clients with the exercise.in between sessions. It is really easy to use for 'non techy' people like me.

Cons

For me the platform would be improved if there was a greater ability to install more response boxes on the lessons where clients can answer and respond to the exercises. Many of my exercises require many different things to be responded to inside the exercises and the lessons only have one area for clients to respond which isn't ideal and results in many of my clients forgetting to respond or skipping over questions.

Alternatives Considered

Kajabi, Udemy Business and Thinkific

Reasons for Switching to Gurucan

Price and ease of use.
Atte
Overall rating
  • Industry: Management Consulting
  • Company size: 2–10 Employees
  • Used Daily for 1-5 months
  • Review Source

Overall rating

  • Value for Money
  • Ease of Use
  • Customer Support
  • Likelihood to recommend 9.0 /10

Perfect tool for running a small professional consultancy training groups

Reviewed on 6/5/2021

A+++. I'm really liking the customizability of the tool, the multitude of features for my every problem. It's been a smooth sailing and I look forward to staying with Gurucan for years.

Pros

Gurucan is a versatile platform equipping me with tools for offering courses and training classes for my customers in automated manner. The support team is great and always there to back me up. The platform is feature rich with the built-in CRM, LMS, Landing page builder & the mobile app - just great. There's also a custom option of getting a white label mobile app (!!!) which is very exceptional.

Cons

There's not much to dislike, at least with my brief period of starting up with the platform. The platform works great, their support team is beyond great and the feature kit is bar none - the main problem I've had has to do with navigating the product but that's kind of positive since the amount of features is breathtaking. Just takes a lot of effort to learn your way through the whole tool.

Hiren
Overall rating
  • Industry: Financial Services
  • Company size: Self Employed
  • Used for 1-5 months
  • Review Source

Overall rating

  • Value for Money
  • Ease of Use
  • Customer Support
  • Likelihood to recommend 7.0 /10

My GURUCAN EXPERIENCE...

Reviewed on 31/3/2021

Till now my overall experience is fine and I am satisfied with the platform and look forward for more updates as per their Roadmap.

Now that I have started using the same I will look for a while and have a hands on experience and then will make further comments on the platform

Pros

First, I used TRIAL VERSION and now I have subscribed GURUCAN SERVICES. It was a great experience and I was delighted with the features and functionalities available on the platform. It's really nice, easy and convenient option for all the online course co ordinators. Also from USER point of view its very easy and comfortable and have multiple access option for e.g Mobile, Tablet and Desktop.

It has really good membership functionalities which take care of all the admin work related to it and also keep in touch with them through email and push notifications. This is the avesome feature since it directly communicates with the Users.

Cons

Some security features with respect to course material needs to be addressed. Other is device specific login should be considered. Further integration with Gmail is missing. The quiz results should be downloadable. Few other features can added to quizzes for better quality

Since GURUCAN is just at the initial stage, I expect it will grow and make itself better to lead the e-learning industry.

Gary
Overall rating
  • Industry: Health, Wellness & Fitness
  • Company size: Self Employed
  • Used Daily for 1-5 months
  • Review Source

Overall rating

  • Value for Money
  • Ease of Use
  • Customer Support
  • Likelihood to recommend 10.0 /10

GuruCAN!

Reviewed on 23/3/2021

Really great!
Features
Support
Price
- are all awesome

Pros

For the most part, its super easy to use. Also, the admin panel functions super fast, which makes a difference when making lots of changes. Mobile app out of the box is cool - as there's no other content there just my course. No other teachers. Nothing. Which is really cool.
Can use a lot of different features within the courses too.
Whitelabel web, great support, challenges to run alongside the course, set different chat groups for different groups/users/courses, marketing/engagement automations. And a white label app option!
We get a lot!

Cons

It would be great if there were how to videos for everything - but I understand this is new and these things can take time. The support team are great via live chat anyway so anything I'm not sure about they've been helping me with. Thanks [SENSITIVE CONTENT HIDDEN]!
Some aspects of the admin panel can be improved - but nothing that seriously affects anything - I think the admin panel is strong.

Mark
Overall rating
  • Industry: E-Learning
  • Company size: Self Employed
  • Used Daily for 1-5 months
  • Review Source

Overall rating

  • Value for Money
  • Ease of Use
  • Customer Support
  • Likelihood to recommend 10.0 /10

An Impressive Online Course Creation Platform

Reviewed on 7/4/2021

Overall Gurucan is a great online course creation tool that I highly recommend. I really think with the improvements suggested and implemented, it will be a real winner!

Pros

I'm really impressed at all of the features Gurucan has built in to one platform. They have online course creation, bundles, email marketing and more! The team is very responsive with responding to support enquiries and they are open to receiving feedback on how they can improve their platform. I would recommend them to anyone looking to start selling an online course.

Cons

The biggest con would have to be the layout while you're inside a course. There isn't a list of each lesson on the side of the screen to show you all of the lessons in the course. You're only able to click next lesson but you can't go back to the previous lesson - it would be better if you could mark the lesson as completed. And there isn't a progress bar to show you how much progress you've made inside the course.

Akbar
Overall rating
  • Industry: E-Learning
  • Company size: Self Employed
  • Used Daily for 1-5 months
  • Review Source

Overall rating

  • Value for Money
  • Ease of Use
  • Customer Support
  • Likelihood to recommend 8.0 /10

Great for Online Tutors

Reviewed on 15/2/2021

Pros

Easy to use platform and yet powerful enough for professional use. I love the mobile apps and CRM/Marketing combo that is included in the package.

Cons

Compatible with either PayPal OR Stripe. Should be able to accept both because not all prospective students have PayPal, and not everyone has access to Stripe. By taking both, we can enroll the vast majority of prospective students on this planet.

Verified Reviewer
Overall rating
  • Industry: Education Management
  • Company size: 51–200 Employees
  • Used Daily for 1-5 months
  • Review Source

Overall rating

  • Value for Money
  • Ease of Use
  • Customer Support
  • Likelihood to recommend 9.0 /10

CAN'T BELIEVE IT

Reviewed on 28/2/2021

Pros

I lately stumbled upon Gurucan whilst searching for a system to organize several of my customer's on the internet training courses. It had the ideal balance of functions that works terrific for instructors as well as masters that currently have a considerable variety of complying with on their area social networks as well as generate income from the involvement.

It's not simply any kind of finding out administration system. Still, a complete collection of devices like a mobile application for discovering points on the move, an integrated CRM, Products Administration for your training courses, webinars, posts, and also obstacles, provides or upsells administration, advertising and marketing automation, therefore a lot more being developed inside the platform.

Cons

ABOUT PAYMENT GATEWAY BECAUSE THERE'S ONLY AN OPTION EITHER PAYPAL OR STRIPE

John
Overall rating
  • Industry: Marketing & Advertising
  • Company size: Self Employed
  • Used Weekly for 1-5 months
  • Review Source

Overall rating

  • Value for Money
  • Ease of Use
  • Customer Support
  • Likelihood to recommend 10.0 /10

An Affordable Alternative For Course Creation

Reviewed on 2/4/2021

Overall, everything has gone smooth and easy to work through. I've seen some reviews where people thought the setup was confusing, but I had no issues. There is onboarding and a Facebook support group to help along the way. Overall, I'm happy.

Pros

Gurucan is full of great features. It has everything you would expect with a course creation product, but one thing that really stands out is the white label app. In this world where everything is mobile and on the go, this is a great feature. Add all the marketing tools and the answer is clear, Gurucan is a great choice.

Cons

I'm still working through my course, but I have yet to come across any major issues that have set me back. The team has been responsive with any small bug fixes.

Alternatives Considered

Teachable and Kajabi

Reasons for Switching to Gurucan

Mainly price
Daniela
Overall rating
  • Industry: E-Learning
  • Company size: Self Employed
  • Used Daily for Free Trial
  • Review Source

Overall rating

  • Value for Money
  • Ease of Use
  • Customer Support
  • Likelihood to recommend 10.0 /10

All in one learning platform

Reviewed on 11/2/2021

Pros

It's an all in one learning platform, offering course creation, email marketing, landing pages, and even an app with push notifications. It's way more affordable than other solutions like Kajabi.

Cons

It is a newer platform, which means the page building functionality is pretty limited. I look forward to seeing how they develop it in the future.